基质刚性影响声孔效应介导的单细胞基因转染

实验研究了基质刚性对单细胞质粒DNA转染效果的影响。实验采用高声压短脉冲(0.45MPa,10μs)条件的超声对培养在不同硬度凝胶基质(软的凝胶基质：0.2kPa,硬的凝胶基质：40kPa)上的力学敏感细胞NIH 3T3进行质粒DNA转染实验。实验结果表明,培养在硬的凝胶基质上的细胞,质粒DNA转染效率明显高于培养在软的凝胶基质上的细胞。进一步对质粒DNA进行荧光示踪可知培养在不同刚性基质上的细胞导入质粒DNA的方式不同。当细胞被培养在硬的凝胶基质上时,通过声致穿孔产生的小孔进入细胞内的质粒DNA更多,而培养在软的凝胶基质上的细胞,更多的质粒DNA可以通过非声致穿孔作用,例如内吞方式导入细胞。 细胞骨架蛋白分布规律表明,硬的凝胶基质上培养的细胞内有更多的F肌动蛋白微丝,可以更好地支撑起细胞的铺展形态,相对不容易发生内吞作用。而软的凝胶基质上培养的细胞内F肌动蛋白则更多以球形状态存在,细胞形貌骗向圆形,此时更容易发生胞吞作用。     

An improved evaluation of the neutron background in the PandaX-Ⅱ experiment

In dark matter direct detection experiments,neutron is a serious source of background,which can mimic the dark matter-nucleus scattering signals.In this paper,we present an improved evaluation of the neutron background in the PandaX-II dark matter experiment by a novel approach.Instead of fully relying on the Monte Carlo simulation,the overall neutron background is determined from the neutron-induced high energy signals in the data.In addition,the probability of producing a dark-matter-like background per neutron is evaluated with a complete Monte Carlo generator,where the correlated emission of neutron(s)andγ(s)in the(α,n)reactions and spontaneous fissions is taken into consideration.With this method,the neutron backgrounds in the Run 9(26-ton-day)and Run 10(28-ton-day)data sets of PandaX-II are estimated to be(0.66±0.24)and(0.47±0.25)events,respectively.     

人教版高中化学必修教科书的内容呈现方式及特点分析*

高中化学教科书是发展学生化学学科核心素养的重要载体和资源平台。依据《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》编写的人教版普通高中化学必修教科书作为分析文本,着重从栏目系统、图像系统、习题系统角度对其呈现方式进行分析,具体特点表现为:栏目系统强化功能性,图像系统凸显直观性,习题系统体现针对性、情境性、开放性,以期为高中化学教师有效使用教科书、落实化学学科核心素养的培养发挥积极作用。     

Integrating Biomass into the Organonitrogen Chemical Supply Chain: Production of Pyrrole and d-Proline from Furfural

Production of renewable, high-value N-containing chemicals from lignocellulose will expand product diversity and increase the economic competitiveness of the biorefinery. Herein, we report a single-step conversion of furfural to pyrrole in 75 % yield as a key N-containing building block, achieved via tandem decarbonylation–amination reactions over tailor-designed Pd@S-1 and H-beta zeolite catalytic system. Pyrrole was further transformed into dl -proline in two steps following carboxylation with CO₂ and hydrogenation over Rh/C catalyst. After treating with Escherichia coli, valuable d -proline was obtained in theoretically maximum yield (50 %) bearing 99 % ee. The report here establishes a route bridging commercial commodity feedstock from biomass with high-value organonitrogen chemicals through pyrrole as a hub molecule.     

Borane-Catalyzed Chemoselective and Enantioselective Reduction of 2-Vinyl-Substituted Pyridines

Herein, we report that highly chemoselective and enantioselective reduction of 2-vinyl-substituted pyridines has been achieved for the first time. The reaction, which uses chiral spiro-bicyclic bisboranes as catalysts and HBpin and an acidic amide as reducing reagents, proceeds through a cascade process involving 1,4-hydroboration followed by transfer hydrogenation of a dihydropyridine intermediate. The retained double bond in the reduction products permits their conversion to natural products and other useful heterocyclic compounds by simple transformations.     

Pyridinium-functionalized metalloporphyrins as bifunctional catalysts for cycloaddition of epoxides and carbon dioxide

New pyridinium-functionalized metalloporphyrins MEtPpBr₄ (M = Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺; EtPp = 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra(4-(3-(N-ethyl-4-pyridyl)pyrazolyl)phenyl)porphyrin) were synthesized as bifunctional catalysts for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO₂. The effects of catalyst loading, CO₂ pressure, reaction temperature and time on catalytic activity were investigated. ZnEtPpBr₄ ( 1 ) and CoEtPpBr₄ ( 2 ) exhibited efficient activities in the cycloaddition reactions of various epoxides with CO₂ as at 120 °C under 2 MPa of CO₂ pressure without solvent. Most of corresponding cyclic carbonates could be obtained in almost quantitative yields and > 99.9% selectivity with molar ratio of epoxide/catalyst 2222 after 8 hr of reaction.     

(NH4)Bi2(IO3)2F5: An Unusual Ammonium-Containing Metal Iodate Fluoride Showing Strong Second Harmonic Generation Response and Thermochromic Behavior

An ammonium-containing metal iodate fluoride compound, (NH₄)Bi₂(IO₃)₂F₅, featuring a two-dimensional double-layered framework constructed by [BiO₂F₅]⁶⁻ and [BiO₄F₄]⁹⁻ polyhedra, as well as [IO₃]⁻ groups, was successfully synthesized. The well-ordered alignment of these SHG-active units leads to an extraordinary strong SHG response of 9.2 times that of KDP. Moreover, this compound possesses a large birefringence (Δn=0.0690 at 589.3 nm), a wide energy band gap (E_g=3.88 eV), and a high laser damage threshold (LDT; 40.2×AgGaS₂). In particular, thermochromic behavior was observed for the first time in this type of compound. Such multifunctional crystals will expand the application of nonlinear optical materials.     

Polypyridine-Based Helical Amide Foldamer Channels: Rapid Transport of Water and Protons with High Ion Rejection

Synthetic strategies that enable rapid construction of covalent organic nanotubes with an angstrom-scale tubular pore remain scarcely reported. Reported here is a remarkably simple and mild one-pot polymerization protocol, employing POCl₃ as the polymerization agent. This protocol efficiently generates polypyridine amide foldamer-based covalent organic nanotubes with a 2.8 nm length at a yield of 50 %. Trapping single-file water chains in the 2.8 Å tubular cavity, rich in hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors, these tubular polypyridine ensembles rapidly and selectively transport water at a rate of 1.6×10⁹ H₂O⋅S⁻¹⋅channel⁻¹ and protons at a speed as fast as gramicidin A, with a high rejection of ions.     

环氧乙烷亲核开环的区域选择性规则在有机化学教学中的应用

环氧乙烷亲核开环的区域选择性规则是有机化学中典型脂肪三元杂环亲核性开环的选择性规则,具有普遍性。本文以非对称环氧乙烷的亲核性开环为核心,从开环反应过渡态稳定性的角度讨论了决定环氧乙烷亲核开环区域选择性的原因。介绍了该区域选择性规则在经过三元杂环正离子中间体的非对称烯烃亲电加成反应区域选择性教学中的应用。加强学生对不同反应的机理和选择性的联系,起到教学中融会贯通的作用,可以提高教学效率和效果。     

One-step synthesis of novel flower-like Sn-doped ZnO architectures with enhanced photocatalytic activity

A facile hydrothermal method to synthesize flower-like Sn-doped ZnO (FLSn-ZnO) nanostructures is described. The obtained hierarchical architectures of FLSn-ZnO are found to be assembled with abundant regular-shaped nanosheets and nanoparticles. A possible formation mechanism is proposed on the base of a series of control experiments. The tests show that FLSn-ZnO architectures exhibit higher photocatalytic activity in the degrading Rhodamine B and tetracycline aqueous solution than pure ZnO under UV-light irradiation. And photocurrent response and photoluminescence of ZnO and FLSn-ZnO demonstrates that in photocatalytic performance, the latter is higher.